Weapons

 The first part of the cold weapons
1. Spears, bows, crossbows, swords, shields and the ancient chariot (BC 2000 - 500 years before)
2. Phalanx and spear (BC 500 - 200 years ago )
3. dagger, heavy javelin, and the Roman Army (400 BC - AD 300)
4. fortification and siege techniques (1000 BC - AD 300)
5. stirrups and lance: the rise of cavalry (AD 300-500 years)
6. cruel massacre (AD 500-1000 years)
7. the rise of Islam (AD 630-1000 years)
8. tricks and techniques Byzantine (AD 630-1000 years)
9. Expedition: communication East and West (AD 1100-1300 years)
10. cyclones from Mongolia (AD 1200-1300 years)
11 . Infantry revival: the British longbow and the Swiss pike (AD 1200-1500)
second part of the black powder era
12. shot stone cannon, matchlock guns, explosive cartridges and grenades (AD 1400-1600 years )
13. fortification new siege technologies (AD 1400-1700 years)
14. Spanish square and large sailing (AD 1500-1600)
15. battleship: black powder weapons dominate the ocean ( In AD 1550-1880)
16. Gustav. Adolf II era: the infantry and artillery combined (AD 1600-1700 years)
17. Frederick and perfect black powder weapons and tactics (AD 1700 -1780 years)
18. Napoleon and the revolutionary war (AD 1795-1815 years)
third part of the era of technological change
19. Technology and the Industrial Revolution (AD 1800-1900) of < br> 20. great changes: Sailing -> Steamboat; wood -> iron and steel; swivel guns -> turret (AD 1800-1865 years)
21. rifle, conical bullets and dispersed teams type (AD 1800-1875 years)
22. battleship -> Dreadnought -> aircraft carriers (AD 1865-1945 years)
23. trenches, barbed wire, machine guns and high explosives (AD 1870-1918 years )
24. From the military services to create a new blitzkrieg (AD 1919-1945 years)
25. Air Force (AD 1935 to date)
26. From the landing force to joint task forces (AD 1940-present)
27. missiles, nuclear weapons and their deterrent effect (AD 1945)
28. in the war under the nuclear umbrella: the Korean War, Vietnam War and the Middle East War (AD 1950-1973 years)
29. all era weapons of mass destruction
30. lethality, casualties and tactics
31. and thinking
32. military history and military theory: strategist laboratory
33. future wars and operations
the basic principles of war and war in the early history of
tools
Assyrian war machine
the beginning of naval warfare in Ancient Thought

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war and the war in human history, the history, the earliest written records found in the first war in Palestine, Megiddo. BC 1469, Palestine and Syria, some of the tribes raise his flag against the young Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III's reign. rebels gathered in the north of Mount Caramel Megiddo, and sent outpost guards Megiddo Pass. Thutmose take the chariot, led the troops to forcibly break blockade, crossed the Pass. Then he quickly formed crescent-shaped formations of troops to the rebel onslaught, but the rebels do not know Aijun has been close. Thutmose its right wing forces to contain the rebels lived panic, and rate of left-wing forces outflanking the north side of the rebels, in one fell swoop to defeat, won a decisive victory.
of written in this before the war, armed conflict has long been a longstanding facts. Initially, the human use of stones and sticks As for food, their spouses and shelter tool, or will they use to conquer others, to meet their innate desire to know the stones and sticks as a , of stone with sharp edges sharpened sticks or pebbles or blunt stick than more powerful. ancient times, humans have to understand that the enemy or hunting for food in the attack, if hidden in the grass or suddenly from the trees, rocks jump, more easily counted towards. In this way, since a typical human way to establish that the ability to adapt to use with their own specific means to inventions, improvements, selection and use of weapons. man in the whole history of war, always in accordance with this ways to act.
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early instruments of war
the first few years because of human history has not been documented, so then many of the original arsenal weapons have been undiscovered. the opening of the metal, sword, bow and spear the invention, gave the war and tactics development had a revolutionary effect, but unfortunately have not been able to leave a word. In every historical period later, These basic combat weapons and their use has undergone a series of evolution and development, continue to affect the human war.
weapons from the beginning divided into two categories: bayonet fighting style and throwing style. prehistoric humans used sticks bayonet fighting style is the most primitive weapons, the first throwing type weapons toward the enemy or prey of human stones.
from prehistoric times, humans will be made from the skins of small and smooth catapults to throw stones, This is throwing with his arm strength than the more simple, more distant. This device also uses clay throwing projectiles fired, and later by Lead projectile. in Pompeii and other ancient sites have been found in the shape of the projectile acorn kind. living in the Balearic Islands have a special hand-stoning stoning superb technology. They are usually equipped with three types of catapults were used far, the close-throwing. David (1040 BC - 970 years before, the king of Israel) is killed Goliath with a sling [Translator's Note: According to the gradually replaced by stone-throwing throwing sharp sticks, and later evolved into spears, javelin, and a curved hardwood dart. Homer Warriors everyone bring two javelin. fighting the enemy first javelin, and then use the sword of the bayonet charge. compatible with the javelin sprint-type weapons are heavy spears or spears. in many ancient societies, is fighting fierce spears tag, but also the sacred symbol of monarchical power. In Roman Mars (Mars) and the Greek Temple various churches, the spears are adored by people of the sacred.
ordinary Greek spears six to nine feet in length. but because it is hand made, so this is actually shapes and varying lengths. spears and long Jiabing spear is the standard weapon of ancient Greece. This Jiabing equipped with heavy weapons and armor, ancient Greek battle formation is the basic membership mm square.
in the Stone Age, the sticks and a wide variety of weapons. in which the North American Indians Tomahawk-type axes are used in weapons. If you stick a sharp knife cut out to become the prototype of the sword. With the development of metallurgical technology, it is a hard, resilient smelting metal, to create a long, thin blade sword. bronze is the earliest human use of the metal. As in nature there is a natural bronze, it is difficult to say when the man began producing the first bronze. the use of bronze tools, the Greek island of Crete began in 3000 BC time, while Egypt and Mesopotamia began in 2800 BC, Troy began in 2000 BC. about 2,500 years ago in BC's Indian River and China after centuries there have been similar to the Yellow River Basin technology development. As bronze with strong, flexible and wear-resistant properties, so it is appropriate to be used to produce very sharp and knife-edge sharp weapons.
After centuries of development, metal craftsmen technology increasing, the invention of Many new production and casting techniques, produced not only the shape of the sword has been improved, and more durable. bronze sword pointed at first, the sword blade is larger than the first, it seems that both for the assassination (similar to the duel with light sword), but also for hacking (like Sabre), because the soft texture of bronze, it is mainly used for originally bronze sword kill.
iron tools first appeared about 1500 BC. About a century later living in the mountains of Armenia, Charles Lai Bisi tribes learned to put the charcoal heated iron, and then quenched, and then heating, hammering, and through processing turns, become very hard to iron. during the course of processing , due to the surface occasionally to dissolve the iron carbon particles, which made the original steel. BC 1,200 years ago, the new metallurgical technology has been widely throughout the eastern Mediterranean, used.
Although the original iron The cost is very expensive and production is limited, however, found that, after all, to the ancient iron weapons and war brought a huge impact. to 1200 BC, the sharp sword began in Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt and other regions appeared. As This metal is hard and difficult to break, so the sword has changed shape.
to 1000 BC, when the sword is divided into two main types. One is shaped like a saber sword for the Blade, which No species of the sword tip, then Gaul and Celtic is the sword used. Another short sword, much like a two-edged dagger, is worn in ancient Greece Jiabing weapons. This is about a sword blade 16-18 inches wide and 2 to 2.5 inches, 4-5 inches long hilt. It is slightly longer than it was slightly wider Roman dagger prototype. mm Roman sword, although the former is still a hacking and the assassination of weapons, but mainly for hacking.
metal also led to the use of weapons of body armor developed with the rise of the manufacturing sector. The original of the most important human invention of body with a shield. At first it is only a animal skins, almost always with the left hand or get in the left arm, so that the right hand to manage weapons can be freed up. Later, people often hides wrapped in a simple wooden frame, made of a shield. but some of the ancient shield is made entirely of wood. in Asia is the wicker shields used. to protect the head, torso and legs of body is made of animal hide with the original, wicker, lined with cloth cover or wood, litter and other material .
Although the metal has been used in the manufacture of weapons, but the leather is still the most fundamental and most commonly used system of shield material. Of course, sometimes with a metal shield to enhance the fastness. hammer metal armor and helmets require a high technology and time-consuming work, but with scales made of small pieces of wrought iron is more expensive, and practical. ancient oriental land of Assyria, thanks to new metal weapons manufacturing technology, They have a long iron in his hand cut sword, wearing out the leather stitched in the armor of iron scales. Since the emergence of iron, casual Greek Jiabing the spears on the iron tip, the sword worn around the waist is also made of iron, and their armor, shields and helmets are bronze. Roman Legion soldiers breastplate, leather Shangzhui to overlap in bronze or iron tablets made of.
bow came in the late Stone Age. before the invention of black powder, it has been soldiers in the hands of projective weapons base. In the beginning of recorded human history, when the Middle East, India and China have long to use it. from the ancient until the sixteenth century AD, this time, the bow is always the most important Chinese military mobile weapon . reinstall the archers in both lightly armed archers have the Assyrian army, the bow is also the main weapons. of ancient Greece, Macedonia, the ancient Jews and the Roman army, although the bow is also very important, but only a supplementary weapons.
Indian arch length is 4 to 5 feet of the time in 2200 has maintained basically the same. Bamboo is the production of materials used, but also try some other materials including metals, including. arrows length of 2 to 3 feet, made of bamboo or rattan, usually metal arrow. archers generally do not take the shield, a shield from the front row of the Javelin to protect. In India, both soldiers are archers or javelin equipped with a long and broad sword cut.
order to effectively use the bow, the soldiers must be constantly repeated technical training, it is also suitable for operational needs of the open terrain. Therefore, it has become a kind of expertise weapons in the hands of soldiers. such as the Assyrian archers of Crete and later hire archers (Macedonia and they were praised by the ancient Romans), and the nomadic hunters use such weapons.
is an early bow kinds of mixed production of materials depends on what materials can be craftsmen. This horn bow was to be the whole of Asia and some standard weapons used by the Europeans. Until now, some remote areas on Earth are still using it.
mixed wood bow is made of layers of different materials. in the history of most of the era, this bow is usually made of a flat wooden board of the central skeleton of the bow, the archer in front of a layer of pressure on the side of the split horn material; the other side of the bow frame coupled with a layer of animal tendons. the majority of mixed wood bow is reflective, loose bow when the bow with the bow string bending direction of the bending direction when tension is just the opposite. mixed with wood bow length is generally less than 4 feet, while the Turkish and Mongolian bow bow in more than 5 feet.
a wide range of angular bow, its firing range and penetration also vary. such as Turkey horn bow shooting distance of 300 yards or more, to wear through force is quite large. However, until about the 16th century, the Turkish bow before being improved through mail. to the upper corner of the bow with the cavalry, it was the power has been greatly improved, so that the military maneuver and weapons of mass destruction have been formidable combination.
ancient chariot was a small carriage, the horse or horses pulling Phi horses with armor. It is a very ancient time up to the development of . Back in the Trojan war (about 1200 BC), chariot archers and spears to soldiers as a mobile platform to use. In ancient Greece before the end, the warrior is mainly used to transport tanks to the battlefield, warrior off after fighting with the enemy knives. in India and China, the chariot of the body was largely used for kings and nobles of the mobile command post. car also contains a drum messenger, horseman, and one or more archers. Over time, the majority of tank armies in Asia becoming the main assault weapon, to hit the enemy troops or soldiers rolled. As in the axles and wheels coat hook on a long-handled knives and other large sword weapons, vehicles also put a shield around the armor and other protective gear different, thus greatly improving the tank's attack power. The Bible has recorded that the Hebrews from Egypt to escape the fear of people, especially the chariot of Pharaoh in Egypt . Assyrian war chariot that time and later historians have left a very deep impression.
However, the horses pulling chariots used by the enemy vulnerable to attack, and there must be flat, open terrain function effectively, so its use is limited. Nevertheless, as long as a suitable aircraft for the right time and place of tanks in combat, has repeatedly won victories.
cavalry first appeared in AD about 1,000 years ago, composed by the inferior nobility. they have enough wealth to afford better armor and weapons, still has a lot of horses. However, most of the elite commando in the army still retains a battle fleet, to transport a large aristocratic or royal family members rushed to the battlefield.
in India is difficult because the relationship between the climate of fine-bred horses, and the best animals and are used for horse-drawn chariot, which is rarely the ancient Indian cavalry reasons. Thus, in about 600 BC, when India began to fight with elephants. megafauna composition of this force is often the sudden appearance of the enemy panic. However, the actual combat that it can play a big deal psychological deterrent. When the elephants caused terror calm down, trained troops would find an effective means to deal with the elephant. These animals are easily scattered scurry about, but will his team into confusion. To Therefore, fighting as soldiers driving an elephant stampede when the tip of iron piercing it with a head. In India Tiejian and burning with a heavy rocket fire elephant. Greece, some genius has used the Unknown Soldier anti-tank minefields and now a similar way, the iron pickets chain buried in the right place to cut through the soft, thick-skinned animals, the elephant's feet.
Despite the limitations of an elephant fighting a lot, and easy was wounded, but the enemy never dared to be taken lightly, and thus gradually expanded the use of elephants to the Near East and North Africa. Second Punic War, the ancient Romans had forced the Carthaginians to accept the peace talks, fighting in the prohibited provisions use of an elephant. It can be said that this is the history of mankind's earliest written record of an arms limitation.
the composition of the army in ancient times, the use of weapons and tactical utilization, whether the flexibility is very important. was The army usually a large number of infantry armed with spear and shield components, in addition to throwing type weapons equipped with stoning soldiers and archers, this constitutes the entire army infantry, a strong base. which makes equipment to better combat team, Cavalry and War Elephants can be carried out smoothly in its operational activities around.
against the time when the armed forces, large spears hands together in front of a dense lightly armed soldiers, archers and catapults, and then riding in the front and side immediately or take the chariot of the noble ranks. close to each other when the two armies, soldiers, archers and catapults continuous harassment of the project on the enemy position until the enemy tank or cavalry assault was launched. Then, lightly armed infantry troops through the re- the gap between the flank and back toward camp. In addition to the battle as Megiddo Thutmose warfare, as the few exceptions, the movement of troops and the line moves the camera only, not pre-planned arrangements. Typically, the melee bite each other with both sides, stepping on the ground more and more dead and wounded, when facing the front, sometimes back. Sometimes one chariot and cavalry charge in initiating collapse scared when the other side, then the battle to become the pursuit of one party against another.
since the beginning of recorded human history, since the military tactics, the military establishment and military doctrine, not only by the weapons of constantly updated, more importantly, is subject to how to use military force, how to use weapons of new ideas and concepts of. reasonable and creative use of existing weapons ideas, greatly promoted the development of the military.
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Assyrian war machine from the Assyrian military adopted a new organizational structure, we can understand the specific circumstances of the war machine. around 700 BC, the Assyrian king Ti Gela. Pa Lhasa III abandoned the then militia throughout the country established a standing regular army. Of course, the state must grant to the pay of soldiers, while the army and most likely to be maintained by the external expansion. Therefore, the priority for change in this country become engaged in the war. It depends on the booty and the earliest human history, a real military system to maintain its financial resources and a prosperous future. They spared no effort to maintain the army's high efficiency. rely on the army, Ti Gela. Pa Lasa extended militaristic empire, the Assyrian kings established boundaries.
there are signs that the world's first fully understand the performance of iron than copper is a good Assyrian. they all are equipped with iron weapons troops, tanks and armor . because of their continuous, systematic improvement of weapons and trained soldier, to make them proficient in the use of weapons, therefore, the Assyrian army maintained a long-term military technological superiority.
the main by the Assyrian army a lot of spears forces. They move slowly and quite heavy, but with the same infantry was compared to other countries, technology quite well, mobility is also relatively strong. In a typical operational plan Assyrian, the climax stage has is the irresistible trend initiated by the enemy assault.
Archers Assyrian army than the enemy more closely organized, more powerful bow, and are able to launch a high hit rate of iron arrows. they are often shooting the enemy team floundered, so, for the chariots and horsemen in close collaboration, to create the conditions for assault.
Assyrian army was the main offensive force fighting team of horses pulling the wheel. Its mission is the enemy infantry team rush out a way forward. with the then armed forces of other countries, like the Assyrians used chariots powerful and ferocious form of combat power of the mighty battle fleet, and archers, spears and cavalry soldiers in close combat with the .
cavalry in the smallest share of the Assyrian army, but the most stringent technical training, and equipment is best. Those noble soldiers were riding went to the battlefield. to the battlefield, some people dismount on foot combat, and some sat war combat vehicles, but many people are fighting on horseback with the enemy's. cavalry more stringent than other branches of the military discipline, technology is more skilled and more flexible. combat maneuvering can only only use the cavalry.
Assyrian army to the complex terrain in a variety of operational conditions, which clearly shows the preparation of its organization is clever. Assyrian army preparation it was not more clear. However, it may sometimes be close to the field army Five thousand troops. a such a large army to be able to fight in the desert and mountain, there must be a large supply of baggage protection of military forces, but also have a high performance organization and logistics operations officer, supply system, only to give full play to its combat power.
terrorist tactics is another important Assyrian military means to win. At that time, most countries of the army known to vicious cruelty, the Assyrians adopted it is this policy of terror mm may be regarded as a psychological warfare in human history, the first instance. After their capture of a city, often young and old loquat annihilation, or to imprison all the people, their murderous cruelty to the implementation of the policy of terror Practice has proved that the safety of the Assyrian army played a huge role.
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sea around the beginning of the Assyrian
standing army at the same time to develop Phoenicians seem to have started the first dedicated naval warships. living in the Mediterranean and the Aegean coast to sailing for a living have long used the vessel for military purposes. However, there were only limited to the merchant for the delivery of troops and supplies. These sails and oars with a short, wide boat is basically used to support land forces. Phoenicians created new warships are sailing with the propeller. compared with the typical merchant than, its hull longer, narrower, faster.
Greeks, especially Athenians sailing on the Phoenician design was further improved. and to have the Navy was on land or at sea fighting the most skilled and most sophisticated technology. Athens is a three-tiered paddle boat hull is long, narrow and shallow and warships, the ship because of its oars arranged in three groups on each side and therefore have the ship name. In order to improve the ship's speed, power and mobility, they hesitate to reduce the ship's seaworthiness, comfort, cargo capacity, and maximum range. The two mast ship sailing installed as auxiliary power paddle, but in combat Only when the paddle-driven, the number of hands from the paddle 75 added more than 150 people.
three major combat paddle boat at the waterline at the prominent part of it is about ten feet at the bow of the ship hit the angle of the metal. If the collision angle inserted into the enemy ship's side, will inevitably lead to a fatal wound. However, most Greeks would rather take the old tactics, that is zoned to the next enemy ships, and then forced to board the ship to attack the enemy, so they are often loaded on board the boarding troops.
Athens Navy is relying on the superb seamanship, ship's speed and mobility to win. If there is no opportunity to direct the nearest warship Athens enemy broadside impact, then it suddenly beside the enemy ships turn, and paddle off at the last minute to put the boat, go hit that panic-stricken enemy ships, enemy ships powerless when only nest like a duck, let Athens warships hit the angle with the collision. < br> We should never underestimate the ancient Phoenicians and the Carthage and Syracuse Sri Lanka's At that time the world has always been to follow the typical Navy. Of course, they did not copy from, made many improvements. For example, the number of blade increases and decreases, paddle position is also different, longer hull becomes more shallow board increase of combat weapons turret placement, the use of being able to grapple enemy ships and capture enemy ships Naogou Garden Bridge. In the period of about two thousand years, the long, shallow mast warship is always the key for the Western world ship type. bump and jump to help has also been the basic tactical naval combat. until the fifth century AD, Portugal, Spain and the UK Navy out of the Mediterranean, to leave the waters of the Atlantic and Indian Ocean began to overseas expansion and conquest This situation changed only.
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operational thinking in Ancient Assyrian
Based on our understanding of the situation in the war, combined with wheat Guido scattered information on this early war records, ancient military commanders can see we already have so-called operational doctrine and tactics like a very clever military thinking. And the king of ancient empires and the Pharaoh will have some obscure the concept of military strategy. but we know very little about this, it can only make some speculate Bale.
Clearly, then, we must already have the so-called operational doctrines.
I have on other occasions [Note : See the historical analysis and research organizations, an organic system, used to dominate combat the various components of the armed forces, and to ensure consistent and coordinated use of these components. rules may be created from the combat experience or military theory, can also be a combination of both. It represents the use of troops The best guidelines and rely on reason to ensure its implementation. doctrine is actually a complete set of operational methods, only the military knows it all sectors, understand it and follow it, can really play its role ;.
regulations to be implemented through tactics. I may be defined as a tactical dispersion of forces to be deployed and the clever use of scheduling in order to achieve the stated purpose of fighting the technology.
Although the written records of the existing , the few detailed description of the ancient war, but rely on our known conditions, testifying to the ancient (well before 500 BC) of the original military leaders have developed the operational doctrine, good tactical use of forces and weapons use. they can organize and deploy forces very well, so in a dominant position, to send all types of combat soldiers to accomplish a specific task. they have been well aware of the advantages of surprise attack, know how to use the typical method of mobile operations (until the modern still continue to use), the most important thing is surrounded by the method of mobility. In addition, they can make good use of projective weapons. The role of projective weapons from the weapons far beyond the fighting knives, which can cause the enemy the ranks of serious confusion. If a good match with the assault charge, can give full play to its effectiveness.
ancient war there is a notable feature is the device to the Shi Zhanbing leave enough space, and major in the army aside a certain part of the distance between each soldier to account for an average of one square meter location. an army of five thousand of the Assyrians, including infantry, forty thousand thousand, and compiled into the dense depth of 20 formation, cavalry and war fleet of about 5 rows deep, the formation unit is roughly equivalent to the interval between the location of the area they occupy a total area of less than a quarter square kilometers, which means that the width of about two thousand five hundred meters, depth of about one hundred meters.
. phalanx and spear (BC 500 - 200 years ago)
matrix (composed of soldiers from the infantry spears intensive force), as early as 3000 BC Samui Maria when a combat formation. In Greece, perhaps from the seventh century BC, began the battle by a square. In addition to the north of Thessaly and Macedonia and other areas of relatively flat, the mountainous Greece is not suitable for cavalry maneuvers. Therefore, in general, the Greek cavalry does not attach great importance to the arms, and focus on continuous improvement through relying on the combat infantry phalanx.
very strict discipline and heavy infantry units, arranged in a long battle cross-team depth ranging from 8 to 12 rows. trained and disciplined soldiers of ancient Greece every square mm Jiabing, through sport and frequent combat, trained to have a robust physique. Their main weapon is spears, its length is usually 6-9 feet. They wear helmets, chest armor hanging, wrapped Gaiters (knee to protect the leg between the ankle section), handheld buckler, often stuck in waist or hung a short sword. war, the previous 2 to 3 rows Jiabing the spear against the enemy, behind the row of the spear in the Qianyi Pai soldiers stand shoulder to form a barrier to ward off enemy arrows from the air.
square and its various component units combat formation may be a limited movement. phalanx often at the start and close to the long left the narrow interval between the horizontal force for light infantry in combat when needed walk through. combatants usually agreed upon by both parties , in the most flat ground to. because troops in rugged terrain caused by head and tail out of line games, which is very unfavorable to the formation of convergence.
Jiabing by the ancient Greek city-states formed in the upper Freeman. light infantry both in equipment and training to develop on or in the discipline in general are not as good Jiabing, mostly from lower classes of society. Many light infantry, special forces in particular, equipped with the device and a skilled soldiers, archers and catapults were hired Army. They shared with the less powerful cavalry advancing phalanx responsible for protecting the flank. the fighting began, they formed a skirmish in the square in front of screen protection forces.
Greek Jiabing addition to rigorous training, with exceptionally strong body, also has advantages and disadvantages of independent city-states freemen. They clever and intelligent, literate literacy, therefore, quite a point of arrogance. even though they clearly accepted in the discipline built on the basis of a tactical system and order, but still not quite convinced that a strict system of organization.
to the fifth century BC, due to the spread of Greek civilization and culture, the original is still in the savage state of Macedonia was entirely Greek. But Macedonian military development is unique. before the fifth century BC and the early fourth century, the king of Macedonia has established a fairly large-scale infantry. but it mainly depends on the military strength of the Kingdom of the aristocratic cavalry. When Philip II ascended the throne time (359 BC), he completely reorganized the Macedonian army. He side reforms cavalry, the infantry side of the building and special attention. the army of King Philip of Macedonia, a local full-time by the soldiers, and not provoke the armed forces from other Greek mercenaries, who come from Macedonia, the recruitment of farmers, according to origin regions even in the woven side team, so they have a spirit of solidarity, which at that time is very valuable. Philip Wang also take all possible measures so that the army loyal to him.
restructured, the Macedonian army into a world at that time the most sophisticated units. This is a close unity of the army, it will combat the superb skills of the Greek mercenaries Greek citizens with the soldiers patriotism and dedication to form a whole. By and weapons capabilities and limitations of a thorough analysis, in human history, the first time there has been such a clear military thinking, that is, through science ...